Adrenergic Receptors and Their Predominant Physiological Effects


Adrenergic receptors, also known as adrenoceptors, are cell surface glycoproteins that recognize and selectively bind the catecholamines, norepinephrine and epinephrine to stimulate the nerves in your body’s sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Here is a list of cholinergic receptors and their major pharmacological effects:


Eye

  • α1 (Iris radial muscle) – Pupillary dilation
  • β2 (Ciliary muscle) – Relaxation for far vision 


Heart

  • β1, β2 (Sinoatrial, atrioventricular nodes) – Increased spontaneous depolarization
  • β1, β2 (His-Purkinje system) – Increased conduction velocity
  • β1, β2 (Atria, ventricles) – Increased contractility


Blood vessels

  • α1, α2, β2 (Arteries, arterioles) – Constriction via α1, α2; dilation via β2
  • α1, α2, β2 (Veins, venules) – Constriction via α1, α2; dilation via β2


Lungs

  • β2 (Tracheal, bronchial muscle) – Relaxation of smooth muscle
  • α1, β2 (Bronchial glands) – Decreased secretions


GI tract

  • α1 (Salivary glands) – Decreased secretions
  • α1, α2, β2 (Stomach) – Decreased motility; decreased secretions
  • α1, β2 (Intestines) – Decreased motility


Urinary bladder

  • β2 (Detrusor) – Relaxation, increased capacity
  • α1 (Trigone, sphincter) – Contraction


Sex organs 

  • α1 – Ejaculation


Skeletal muscle

  • β2 – Increased contractility; glycogenolysis


Liver

  • α1, β2 – Increased glycogenolysis


Pancreas 

  • β2 – Increased insulin release


Fat cells 

  • β1, β2, β3 Lipolysis


Kidneys

  • α1, β1 – Increased renin release


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